高中英语词汇教学中的问题分类
我们英语教师经常听到学生抱怨单词记不住，或者看到面熟的单词就是不知道什么意思。而我们自己在批改学生书面作业时也经常叹息：这么简单的单词都拼错！这个句子哪里是英语啊，完全是“中式英语”！以下我们从词汇的理解和应用两方面来描述学生词汇方面所表现出来的困难。
在阅读教学中我们发现，学生对词汇的理解存在以下问题：一是不顾语境，将词汇表中的汉语释义直接搬来，造成自己无法理解整个句子。例如：学生只知道expose是“暴露；揭露”，因此不能理解Some children are never exposed to classical music. 这句话。 二是不会利用语境、构词法猜测生词词义，因此不能完全理解以下这几个句子：The firm has computerized its records. /The kitchen is spotlessly clean. /It's a good little car, but it has its limitations.
从平时的课堂教学以及书面考试，特别是“书面表达”题中我们发现，学生在词汇应用方面主要存在以下八种问题类型：
（一）读音错误。主要是重音错位，如把industry读成 industry；把realize，recognize读成realize，recognize。
（二）拼写错误。如 belive，suprise，beatiful，diferent，Satday。
（三）实词形态错误，如名词的复数词尾少加-(e)s：I have bought some flower for my mother. 动词第三人称单数现在时少加-(e)s：Our school look like a garden. 把不规则动词当作规则动词变形：understanded；choosed；growed；holded；hurted。形容词比较级少加-er：I’m becoming heavy and heavy.
（四）词类属性错误。主要表现在名词的“可数”与“不可数”，以及动词的“及物”与“不及物”，例如：We discussed about this problem. /The old man married with a young woman. /We waited him for an hour. /Yes, I like. /The island is belonged to China. /Zhejiang is lied in the east of China. /My wallet was disappeared suddenly. /Only a few students were remained in the classroom. /The accident was happened last night.
（五）动词句型适用性错误。如hope/suggest/agree you to come；made/let him to leave school。
（六）搭配错误。如agree to you；useful for me；very worth doing。
（七）词类误用。如把success，instead误作动词。混淆词义和词形相近的单词，如die/dead；across /cross；like (vt.)/like (prep.)。 Our school likes a garden.
（七）汉语表达方式的迁移。如I very like Yao Ming. /We very welcome you to China. /Many people have infected the H1N1 virus. /China won the U.S. /I impress Hangzhou very much. /He has left for two hours. /I’m glad to hear from your letter. /Our country has taken place great changes. /You will very surprise. /I ever went to Beijing. /I am very easy to make grammar mistakes. /I forgot my cell phone in the taxi. /Chatting online wasted me a lot of time.
（八）张冠李戴的低级错误，如混淆invent/invite；except/expect；attack/attract；supply /imply；refer/infer；ever/even；hard/hardly；along/alone。
在阅读教学中我们发现，学生对词汇的理解存在以下问题：一是不顾语境，将词汇表中的汉语释义直接搬来，造成自己无法理解整个句子。例如：学生只知道expose是“暴露；揭露”，因此不能理解Some children are never exposed to classical music. 这句话。 二是不会利用语境、构词法猜测生词词义，因此不能完全理解以下这几个句子：The firm has computerized its records. /The kitchen is spotlessly clean. /It's a good little car, but it has its limitations.
从平时的课堂教学以及书面考试，特别是“书面表达”题中我们发现，学生在词汇应用方面主要存在以下八种问题类型：
（一）读音错误。主要是重音错位，如把industry读成 industry；把realize，recognize读成realize，recognize。
（二）拼写错误。如 belive，suprise，beatiful，diferent，Satday。
（三）实词形态错误，如名词的复数词尾少加-(e)s：I have bought some flower for my mother. 动词第三人称单数现在时少加-(e)s：Our school look like a garden. 把不规则动词当作规则动词变形：understanded；choosed；growed；holded；hurted。形容词比较级少加-er：I’m becoming heavy and heavy.
（四）词类属性错误。主要表现在名词的“可数”与“不可数”，以及动词的“及物”与“不及物”，例如：We discussed about this problem. /The old man married with a young woman. /We waited him for an hour. /Yes, I like. /The island is belonged to China. /Zhejiang is lied in the east of China. /My wallet was disappeared suddenly. /Only a few students were remained in the classroom. /The accident was happened last night.
（五）动词句型适用性错误。如hope/suggest/agree you to come；made/let him to leave school。
（六）搭配错误。如agree to you；useful for me；very worth doing。
（七）词类误用。如把success，instead误作动词。混淆词义和词形相近的单词，如die/dead；across /cross；like (vt.)/like (prep.)。 Our school likes a garden.
（七）汉语表达方式的迁移。如I very like Yao Ming. /We very welcome you to China. /Many people have infected the H1N1 virus. /China won the U.S. /I impress Hangzhou very much. /He has left for two hours. /I’m glad to hear from your letter. /Our country has taken place great changes. /You will very surprise. /I ever went to Beijing. /I am very easy to make grammar mistakes. /I forgot my cell phone in the taxi. /Chatting online wasted me a lot of time.
（八）张冠李戴的低级错误，如混淆invent/invite；except/expect；attack/attract；supply /imply；refer/infer；ever/even；hard/hardly；along/alone。
