《新思维综合英语》第一册第六单元讲义
Learning Objectives（单元学习目标：主要语言功能）
How to ask for help or a favor 如何请求帮助
How to offer help 如何主动提供帮助
How to express an obligation 如何表示有义务做某事
How to leave a message with someone on the phone 如何电话留言
Lesson 38, Do you know what time it is?
Anne Jenkins is an administrative assistant. She’s having a busy day at the office, making calls for her boss, answering calls and helping out an office worker.
Focus Questions
1. Can you list three things Anne needs to do for her boss, Joan?
2. When is her boss, Joan, going to be back?
3. What message does Donald leave for Ms Clark, Anne’s boss?
4. What does Anne want to buy for her daughter? Why?
Answers to the Focus Questions
1. Can you list three things Anne needs to do for her boss, Joan?
Anne needs to, 1. call Alex Post and tell him her boss is on the way; 2. tell Johnny to get ready at six and that his mom is going to pick him up; 3. ring Joan’s husband and tell him that she is going to pick Johnny up.
2. When is her boss Joan going to be back?
She will be back no later than three.
3. What message does Donald leave for Ms Clark, Anne’s boss?
He wants Ms Clark to call him, and he leaves his number, 555-4433.
4. What does Anne want to buy for her daughter? Why?
She wants to buy a robe for her daughter because Thursday is her birthday.
Language points in the dialogue
Do you know what time it is? 注意这个句子中的语序。本来what time is it?是个完整的疑问句，在这里，它充当句子的宾语即宾语从句，由于主句 Do you know …?是疑问句，这样what time is it用作宾语从句的时候就采用了陈述句语序what time it is。又如：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 而不能说 Could you tell me how can I get to the railway station.(这是错句)
时间的表示法：
如果说几点几分，英语里最简单的办法可以直接说这两个数字，如：三点二十五分，three twenty five; 八点半，eight thirty; 十二点五十分，twelve fifty. 几点差几分怎么说呢？九点差十分，ten to nine; 十一点差二十分，twenty to eleven. 差几分，用介词 to 来表示，to 前是相差的多少分数，而 to 后是具体的几点。一般来说，英语里跟我们汉语的习惯是一样的，说“差多少分几点”一般不超过半个小时，不能说“九点差三十分钟”，否则就该用“过多少分” 了，也就是“八点三十分”或“八点半”。如：四点过一刻，a quarter past four; 七点过二十分，twenty past seven. 过多少分，用介词 past 来表示，past 前是超过的多少分数，而 past 后是具体的几点。
Listen, would you do me a favor? 这里的 listen 什么意思呢？人们在谈话过程中为了提请注意或强调的时候经常会用到象 listen, say, well 等词。应该说这些词没有什么具体的含义，更多是在谈话过程中强调或引起注意而说的，这种用法一般在非常熟悉的人们间用得多一些。Favor, 帮忙。一般用在 ask a favor of somebody / ask somebody a favor 请某人帮个忙；do someone a favor / do a favor for someone 给某人帮个忙。May I ask a favor of you? 可以请你帮个帮吗？Do me a favor and turn the radio down a bit while I’m on the phone, will you? 劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的音量调小点，可以吗？
I’m on my way. 我在路上。On one’s way (to) 在去某地的路上。On one’s way home 回家的路上，home是个副词，所以前面不能用介词to，因为介词后只跟名词。James is probably on his way to the theater. James 很可能在去往剧院的路上。
To be ready, to get ready, 准备好，做好准备。后边常常跟 for, 表示为某事做好准备。如：He is trying to get ready for the new teachers’ welcome party. 他在为新教师们欢迎会做着准备工作。
Pick up, 开车接某人。He picked up a hitch-hiker on his way to the
Summer
Palace. 在开车前往颐和园的路上，他让一个搭便车的人上了车。在英美等国家，在郊外的路上，偶尔能看到有人竖起大拇指，握着其他手指，举起胳膊，站在公路边。你知道他们是干什么的吗？他们就叫 hitch-hiker, 就是想搭便车的人。
I can always count on you. 我总是可以这么信赖你。（yes, always.） Count on 信赖，依赖。We can count on the two hundred workers to finish the project. 我们可以依赖这200名工人来完成这个项目。
I’m off. 我走了。Be off 离开某地。如：Where are you off to? 你离开这里是要去哪儿？
I should be back no later than three. 我最晚不超过三点赶回来。No later than 不晚于，不迟于。The report will be finished no later than seven in the evening. 报告不超过晚上七点能够完成。类似的用法: no more than 不超过 no less than 不低于
英语里接听电话的时候，首先要自报家门，或者直接说出自己的姓名或机构名称，或者说 This is … (speaking)，不能说I’m …。询问对方是谁，说：Who’s that? 或者 Is that XXX? 一般不说 Are you XXX? 如果想找某人说话，可以说 May / Can I speak to …? Can I talk to …? 等。
询问挂电话的人是否想留言，Would you like to leave a message?
Could you show me how to work the photocopier? 这里，work 的意思是 operate, run. 工作，使用，操作。Mary does not know how to work the washing machine. The office worker 不会用复印机，为什么呢？她说，I’m not sure where to put the paper. I’m not sure意思是我不知道，在这里她不知道什么呢？where to put the paper. 这里的意思是把纸放哪儿。英语里这样的“疑问词+不定式”的用法是很多的。比如：He’s wondering how to get that heavy box onto the high table. 他们在琢磨怎么样才能把那个沉重的箱子搬到那张很高的桌子上，how to do，如何做，怎样做。Have you worked out what to say to the teacher? 你想出跟老师说什么了吗？what to do做什么。
这课的最后一个小对话里，Anne 说，I want to get her a new robe. Get sb sth 意思是给某人买个什么东西，相当于 buy sb sth 或者 buy sth for sb. 这里的somebody 一般是宾格代词，如 me, you, her, him, them 等等。Could you get / buy me a copy of that dictionary next time you go to the bookstore? 下次你去书店的时候可以为我买一本这样的词典吗？
但是，Joan 说，The stores are closing in fifteen minutes. 那些商店十五分钟后就关门了。这里用了现在进行时 are closing 来表示即将、马上的概念。介词 in 跟时间短语一起用时表示某段时间之后，如：in two months, 两个月后；He said he should be able to finish the project in five weeks. 他说五个星期之后他就能完成这个项目了。
这样，Joan 就提醒了 Anne, 可能时间已经来不及了。所以她说，I guess I lost track of time. 我想我是忘记时间了。Lose track of sb / sth 与失去联系。如：I’ve lost track of many of my old school friends. 我已经跟很多中学同学联系不上了。这个短语跟我们在第一单元里学习的 keep track of 意思正好相反，keep track of表示保持联系。
Lesson 43. I was starting to worry.
In Lesson 43, Doug is finishing dinner with his family in
Seattle, Washington. He’s happy because he got the job in
Chicago. Now he has to give up his apartment in Seattle and pack his things to go to
Chicago. Chuck, on the other hand, is depressed. He wants Laura to give him a ring.
Focus Questions
1. Why does Doug say he should be going?
2. Why did Dad make the cake?
3. What does Doug ask Ricky to do?
Answers to the Focus Questions
1. Why does Doug say he should be going?
1. Because Doug has got an appointment. Someone’s supposed to come over at eight to look at the apartment.
2. Why did Dad make the cake?
2. Doug has got a new job, so the family wants to congratulate him.
3. What does Doug ask Ricky to do?
3. He asks Ricky and his friends to help him pack his things.
Language points in the dialogue
在对话的开头，Doug 想知道现在几点了，就问道 Does anyone know what time it is? 注意这句话里的语序，what time it is，而不是what time is it.这部分是做整个句子的宾语从句，我们在学习38课的时候已经讲过这个句型。说时间正好是几点，可以用副词 exactly, 准确地，确切地，恰好地。It is said that John is exactly 100 kilograms. 据说 John 正好一百公斤。
I’d better get going soon. 我得马上走了。Would better do something 最好做某事 。Get doing sth 开始做某事。Get moving, you guys We’d better hurry up.你们大伙动作起来，我们得加快速度了。
听说Doug 说有事要离开，Mrs Lee 说 You can’t leave before you have a piece of this cake Dad made. 这句话如果按照字面来翻译，就是，在吃爸爸做的蛋糕之前你不能离开。但怎样能翻译得更符合汉语习惯呢？我们可以试着把这句话翻译成：吃点爸爸做的蛋糕后再走。学习翻译这类句子的时候，要尽可能地符合汉语的行文习惯。
爸爸为什么要做蛋糕呢？原来是为了祝贺 Doug 找到了新的工作。It’s in honor of your new job. In honor of sth / sb, 纪念；祝贺；尊重。The party was held in honor of our teacher’s birthday.晚会是为
祝贺老师的生日举行的。这个短语也可以说成 in sb’s / sth’s honor. This event is organized in Mr Lee’s honor. 这次活动是为Mr Lee 组织的。
Doug 在参加完求职面试后一直怀着忐忑不安的心情，为什么呢？自然是心里没谱了，不知道自己究竟能否得到这个工作，所以他说I was starting to worry when two weeks went by with no news. 两周悄无声息地过去了，没有任何消息，他能不着急吗？go by, 时间流逝，过去。As time went by, they began to get on well with each other. .日子久了，他们彼此变得十分融洽。(get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽) 这个词组go by sth 还有另外一个意思，“遵照，依照”。如：I shall go entirely by what you said to me. 我应该完全按照你说的去做。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。这是一句谚语，经常用来安慰为什么事而着急的人。
Doug 要搬到新的工作地方去了，就需要打行李。注意到他是如何请他的兄弟帮忙的了吗？How would you like to do your favorite brother a big favor? 有趣的是，他先把自己和弟弟的关系拉得很近 your favorite brother. Favorite，最喜欢的，既然是最喜欢的哥哥，帮忙打行李也就是应该的了。Do sb a favor 帮某人忙，给某人一个面子。He did me a great favor yesterday. 昨天他帮了我一个大忙。
Give sb a hand doing sth 也是“帮忙做某事”的意思。Can I give you a hand getting it down? 我帮你拿下来吗？
还记得 Laura 吗？就是跟 Doug 在机场偶然碰到的那位？同事告诉她，Chuck called a few minutes ago. What did he want her to do? To call him back right away. Call sb back 给某人回电话。Right away, at once, immediately. 立刻，马上。Chuck 为什么让Laura 回电话呢？He sounded a little depressed. Depressed 过去分词，心情压抑的，心情不好的。在学习这些表示情感、心情和感觉一类的形容词的时候，要注意区别 –ing 形式和 –ed 形式的不同含义。如：interesting, interested; moving, moved; depressing, depressed; surprising, surprised; frightening, frightened. 动词的ing 形式都表示事物具有这样那样的性质，而 –ed 形式一般表示某人被感动（吸引、压抑、惊吓等等），被怎么样怎么样了。如：
This is a very interesting story.
I was greatly interested in the story.
It was a frightening experience to be in a traffic accident.
I was frightened by the traffic accident.
Laura 要去给 Chuck 回电话，有知道 Jack 一会要找她，所以她说 If Jack Thomson comes before I get off the phone, would you have him wait for me? Get off the phone 挂完电话。这句话里有个 have sb do sth 的用法。这里have 后面跟动词原形，表示让某人做某事。
Laura 给 Chuck 回电话，第一句就说 You sound kind of depressed. Sound, 在这里是动词，听起来。Kind of 有点儿。英语口语中常常用到，类似于 sort of.人们在口语交流过程中为了缓和口气或给自己留有考虑的时间，经常用 kind of, sort of, somewhat, a bit 等插入话语中，起弱化所要说的内容的作用。
How to ask for help or a favor 如何请求帮助
How to offer help 如何主动提供帮助
How to express an obligation 如何表示有义务做某事
How to leave a message with someone on the phone 如何电话留言
Lesson 38, Do you know what time it is?
Anne Jenkins is an administrative assistant. She’s having a busy day at the office, making calls for her boss, answering calls and helping out an office worker.
Focus Questions
1. Can you list three things Anne needs to do for her boss, Joan?
2. When is her boss, Joan, going to be back?
3. What message does Donald leave for Ms Clark, Anne’s boss?
4. What does Anne want to buy for her daughter? Why?
Answers to the Focus Questions
1. Can you list three things Anne needs to do for her boss, Joan?
Anne needs to, 1. call Alex Post and tell him her boss is on the way; 2. tell Johnny to get ready at six and that his mom is going to pick him up; 3. ring Joan’s husband and tell him that she is going to pick Johnny up.
2. When is her boss Joan going to be back?
She will be back no later than three.
3. What message does Donald leave for Ms Clark, Anne’s boss?
He wants Ms Clark to call him, and he leaves his number, 555-4433.
4. What does Anne want to buy for her daughter? Why?
She wants to buy a robe for her daughter because Thursday is her birthday.
Language points in the dialogue
Do you know what time it is? 注意这个句子中的语序。本来what time is it?是个完整的疑问句，在这里，它充当句子的宾语即宾语从句，由于主句 Do you know …?是疑问句，这样what time is it用作宾语从句的时候就采用了陈述句语序what time it is。又如：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 而不能说 Could you tell me how can I get to the railway station.(这是错句)
时间的表示法：
如果说几点几分，英语里最简单的办法可以直接说这两个数字，如：三点二十五分，three twenty five; 八点半，eight thirty; 十二点五十分，twelve fifty. 几点差几分怎么说呢？九点差十分，ten to nine; 十一点差二十分，twenty to eleven. 差几分，用介词 to 来表示，to 前是相差的多少分数，而 to 后是具体的几点。一般来说，英语里跟我们汉语的习惯是一样的，说“差多少分几点”一般不超过半个小时，不能说“九点差三十分钟”，否则就该用“过多少分” 了，也就是“八点三十分”或“八点半”。如：四点过一刻，a quarter past four; 七点过二十分，twenty past seven. 过多少分，用介词 past 来表示，past 前是超过的多少分数，而 past 后是具体的几点。
Listen, would you do me a favor? 这里的 listen 什么意思呢？人们在谈话过程中为了提请注意或强调的时候经常会用到象 listen, say, well 等词。应该说这些词没有什么具体的含义，更多是在谈话过程中强调或引起注意而说的，这种用法一般在非常熟悉的人们间用得多一些。Favor, 帮忙。一般用在 ask a favor of somebody / ask somebody a favor 请某人帮个忙；do someone a favor / do a favor for someone 给某人帮个忙。May I ask a favor of you? 可以请你帮个帮吗？Do me a favor and turn the radio down a bit while I’m on the phone, will you? 劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的音量调小点，可以吗？
I’m on my way. 我在路上。On one’s way (to) 在去某地的路上。On one’s way home 回家的路上，home是个副词，所以前面不能用介词to，因为介词后只跟名词。James is probably on his way to the theater. James 很可能在去往剧院的路上。
To be ready, to get ready, 准备好，做好准备。后边常常跟 for, 表示为某事做好准备。如：He is trying to get ready for the new teachers’ welcome party. 他在为新教师们欢迎会做着准备工作。
Pick up, 开车接某人。He picked up a hitch-hiker on his way to the
Summer
Palace. 在开车前往颐和园的路上，他让一个搭便车的人上了车。在英美等国家，在郊外的路上，偶尔能看到有人竖起大拇指，握着其他手指，举起胳膊，站在公路边。你知道他们是干什么的吗？他们就叫 hitch-hiker, 就是想搭便车的人。
I can always count on you. 我总是可以这么信赖你。（yes, always.） Count on 信赖，依赖。We can count on the two hundred workers to finish the project. 我们可以依赖这200名工人来完成这个项目。
I’m off. 我走了。Be off 离开某地。如：Where are you off to? 你离开这里是要去哪儿？
I should be back no later than three. 我最晚不超过三点赶回来。No later than 不晚于，不迟于。The report will be finished no later than seven in the evening. 报告不超过晚上七点能够完成。类似的用法: no more than 不超过 no less than 不低于
英语里接听电话的时候，首先要自报家门，或者直接说出自己的姓名或机构名称，或者说 This is … (speaking)，不能说I’m …。询问对方是谁，说：Who’s that? 或者 Is that XXX? 一般不说 Are you XXX? 如果想找某人说话，可以说 May / Can I speak to …? Can I talk to …? 等。
询问挂电话的人是否想留言，Would you like to leave a message?
Could you show me how to work the photocopier? 这里，work 的意思是 operate, run. 工作，使用，操作。Mary does not know how to work the washing machine. The office worker 不会用复印机，为什么呢？她说，I’m not sure where to put the paper. I’m not sure意思是我不知道，在这里她不知道什么呢？where to put the paper. 这里的意思是把纸放哪儿。英语里这样的“疑问词+不定式”的用法是很多的。比如：He’s wondering how to get that heavy box onto the high table. 他们在琢磨怎么样才能把那个沉重的箱子搬到那张很高的桌子上，how to do，如何做，怎样做。Have you worked out what to say to the teacher? 你想出跟老师说什么了吗？what to do做什么。
这课的最后一个小对话里，Anne 说，I want to get her a new robe. Get sb sth 意思是给某人买个什么东西，相当于 buy sb sth 或者 buy sth for sb. 这里的somebody 一般是宾格代词，如 me, you, her, him, them 等等。Could you get / buy me a copy of that dictionary next time you go to the bookstore? 下次你去书店的时候可以为我买一本这样的词典吗？
但是，Joan 说，The stores are closing in fifteen minutes. 那些商店十五分钟后就关门了。这里用了现在进行时 are closing 来表示即将、马上的概念。介词 in 跟时间短语一起用时表示某段时间之后，如：in two months, 两个月后；He said he should be able to finish the project in five weeks. 他说五个星期之后他就能完成这个项目了。
这样，Joan 就提醒了 Anne, 可能时间已经来不及了。所以她说，I guess I lost track of time. 我想我是忘记时间了。Lose track of sb / sth 与失去联系。如：I’ve lost track of many of my old school friends. 我已经跟很多中学同学联系不上了。这个短语跟我们在第一单元里学习的 keep track of 意思正好相反，keep track of表示保持联系。
Lesson 43. I was starting to worry.
In Lesson 43, Doug is finishing dinner with his family in
Seattle, Washington. He’s happy because he got the job in
Chicago. Now he has to give up his apartment in Seattle and pack his things to go to
Chicago. Chuck, on the other hand, is depressed. He wants Laura to give him a ring.
Focus Questions
1. Why does Doug say he should be going?
2. Why did Dad make the cake?
3. What does Doug ask Ricky to do?
Answers to the Focus Questions
1. Why does Doug say he should be going?
1. Because Doug has got an appointment. Someone’s supposed to come over at eight to look at the apartment.
2. Why did Dad make the cake?
2. Doug has got a new job, so the family wants to congratulate him.
3. What does Doug ask Ricky to do?
3. He asks Ricky and his friends to help him pack his things.
Language points in the dialogue
在对话的开头，Doug 想知道现在几点了，就问道 Does anyone know what time it is? 注意这句话里的语序，what time it is，而不是what time is it.这部分是做整个句子的宾语从句，我们在学习38课的时候已经讲过这个句型。说时间正好是几点，可以用副词 exactly, 准确地，确切地，恰好地。It is said that John is exactly 100 kilograms. 据说 John 正好一百公斤。
I’d better get going soon. 我得马上走了。Would better do something 最好做某事 。Get doing sth 开始做某事。Get moving, you guys We’d better hurry up.你们大伙动作起来，我们得加快速度了。
听说Doug 说有事要离开，Mrs Lee 说 You can’t leave before you have a piece of this cake Dad made. 这句话如果按照字面来翻译，就是，在吃爸爸做的蛋糕之前你不能离开。但怎样能翻译得更符合汉语习惯呢？我们可以试着把这句话翻译成：吃点爸爸做的蛋糕后再走。学习翻译这类句子的时候，要尽可能地符合汉语的行文习惯。
爸爸为什么要做蛋糕呢？原来是为了祝贺 Doug 找到了新的工作。It’s in honor of your new job. In honor of sth / sb, 纪念；祝贺；尊重。The party was held in honor of our teacher’s birthday.晚会是为
祝贺老师的生日举行的。这个短语也可以说成 in sb’s / sth’s honor. This event is organized in Mr Lee’s honor. 这次活动是为Mr Lee 组织的。
Doug 在参加完求职面试后一直怀着忐忑不安的心情，为什么呢？自然是心里没谱了，不知道自己究竟能否得到这个工作，所以他说I was starting to worry when two weeks went by with no news. 两周悄无声息地过去了，没有任何消息，他能不着急吗？go by, 时间流逝，过去。As time went by, they began to get on well with each other. .日子久了，他们彼此变得十分融洽。(get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽) 这个词组go by sth 还有另外一个意思，“遵照，依照”。如：I shall go entirely by what you said to me. 我应该完全按照你说的去做。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。这是一句谚语，经常用来安慰为什么事而着急的人。
Doug 要搬到新的工作地方去了，就需要打行李。注意到他是如何请他的兄弟帮忙的了吗？How would you like to do your favorite brother a big favor? 有趣的是，他先把自己和弟弟的关系拉得很近 your favorite brother. Favorite，最喜欢的，既然是最喜欢的哥哥，帮忙打行李也就是应该的了。Do sb a favor 帮某人忙，给某人一个面子。He did me a great favor yesterday. 昨天他帮了我一个大忙。
Give sb a hand doing sth 也是“帮忙做某事”的意思。Can I give you a hand getting it down? 我帮你拿下来吗？
还记得 Laura 吗？就是跟 Doug 在机场偶然碰到的那位？同事告诉她，Chuck called a few minutes ago. What did he want her to do? To call him back right away. Call sb back 给某人回电话。Right away, at once, immediately. 立刻，马上。Chuck 为什么让Laura 回电话呢？He sounded a little depressed. Depressed 过去分词，心情压抑的，心情不好的。在学习这些表示情感、心情和感觉一类的形容词的时候，要注意区别 –ing 形式和 –ed 形式的不同含义。如：interesting, interested; moving, moved; depressing, depressed; surprising, surprised; frightening, frightened. 动词的ing 形式都表示事物具有这样那样的性质，而 –ed 形式一般表示某人被感动（吸引、压抑、惊吓等等），被怎么样怎么样了。如：
This is a very interesting story.
I was greatly interested in the story.
It was a frightening experience to be in a traffic accident.
I was frightened by the traffic accident.
Laura 要去给 Chuck 回电话，有知道 Jack 一会要找她，所以她说 If Jack Thomson comes before I get off the phone, would you have him wait for me? Get off the phone 挂完电话。这句话里有个 have sb do sth 的用法。这里have 后面跟动词原形，表示让某人做某事。
Laura 给 Chuck 回电话，第一句就说 You sound kind of depressed. Sound, 在这里是动词，听起来。Kind of 有点儿。英语口语中常常用到，类似于 sort of.人们在口语交流过程中为了缓和口气或给自己留有考虑的时间，经常用 kind of, sort of, somewhat, a bit 等插入话语中，起弱化所要说的内容的作用。
